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- Elephantiasis
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- I did my report on filariasis, which is more commonly known
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- as elephantiasis. Elephantiasis is the late phase of filariasis.
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- Filariasis is a tropical mosquito born parasitic disease causing
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- obstruction of the lymph vessels. In some people the presence of
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- the worm causes a tissue reaction that causes the lymph flow to
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- be blocked. This blockage produces lymphedema which is a swelling
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- and can eventually lead to a tremendous enlargement of an extremity
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- or organ. When elephantiasis follows repeated infection, parts of
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- the body -- particularly the legs -- become grossly enlarged and
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- the surrounding skin hardens and ulcerates. Certain types of
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- elephantiasis can be treated surgically. Elephantiasis of the legs
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- is usually treated with elastic bandages and frequent elevation of
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- the legs. The leg and foot, may swell to elephantine size. There
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- may be allergic reactions like itching and localized swelling. The
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- body may also react by causing calcium tissue to be deposited around
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- the worm, walling it off and eventually causing its death.
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- In humans, the mature worm lives tightly coiled in the lymphatic
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- vessels where they reproduce. The female holds the fertilized eggs
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- in her body. Later the embryos, called microfilariae, are discharged
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- alive. An interesting feature of these worms is the periodic swarming
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- of the microfilariae in the bloodstream. In most species swarming
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- takes place at night. The embryos can be taken up by an insect only
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- when they are in a human's bloodstream. They develope into infective
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- larvae in the insect, which is the intermediate host. These hosts
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- are various genera of mosquitoes, notably A?des, Anopheles, and Culex.
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- Within 10 to 11 days after ingestion by a human skin they migrate to
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- the lymphayic vessels where they mature and reproduce. There isn't
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- really any prevention to this disease.
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- Bibliography
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- Drimmer, Frederick; THE ELEPHANT MAN; Putnam Publishers;
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- New York, 1985
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- "Elephantiasis", FISHBEIN'S ILLUSTRATED MEDICAL AND HEALTH
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- ENCYCLOPEDIA; H.S. Stuttman Inc. Publishers; Westport,
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- CT.; 1983 ed., vol. 2, pp. 527
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- "Filariasis", COLLIER'S ENCYCLOPEDIA; Macmillan Educational
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- Company New York, Maxwell Macmillan Canada, Maxwell
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- Macmillan International Publishing Group; New York,
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- Oxford, Sydney; 1991 ed., col. 9, pp. 698-699